Literacy is the cultural practice of encoding and decoding meaning on the world through the development of agency to construct meaning from texts (Street, 1995). When we take a historic and socially situative view of literacy (Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989) we see how reading practices differ from communities and schools (Heath, 1983; Gonzalez, 1992).

This of course involves reading and the decoding of words. Literate has been defined as memorizing religious texts or writing your name. Today we see literacy as also problem solving and constructing meaning from print and multimodal texts( New London Group, 1996. Learning to read, is not natural It takes explicit instruction but can not get separated by the culture which teaches the skills.

In many ways learning to read and write requires apprenticeship. We need to teach learners to join a community of readers and writers. A community of practice (Lave& Wenger, 1991) in other words. Students need to see the power of words and how it influences “ways of being in the world” (Gee, 2008).

Stages of Reading Development

Fluency and Stages of Reading

Oral Language Development

Emergent Literacy

Phonological Awareness

Phonemic Awareness

Concepts About Print

Alphabetic Principle

Phonics

Word Play

Vocabulary

Comprehension

Fluency

Assessment

Writing